The Digital Scholar

  PRACTICAL 19 To find the specific heat by the method of mixture using polystyrene cups (used as container of negligible heat capacity).   VIVA VOCE 1. What is the principle behind the method of mixtures for determining specific heat? Ans:  The principle is based on the law of conservation of energy, where the heat lost by the hot substance is equal to the heat gained by the cold substance, assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings. 2. Why are polystyrene cups used as containers in this experiment? Ans:  Polystyrene cups are used because they have negligible heat capacity and good thermal insulation properties, minimizing heat exchange with the surroundings. 3.  What is specific heat capacity? Ans:  Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. 4. Why is it important to ensure that the heat capacity of the container is negligible? Ans:  Ensuring the heat capacity of the container is negligible helps

  The Sumerians were one of the earliest known civilizations in Mesopotamia, thriving from around 4500 BCE to 1900 BCE. Here are some key points about the Sumerians: Formed : The Sumerian civilization emerged around 4500 BCE in the southern region of Mesopotamia, located in present-day Iraq. City-States : Sumerians established some of the world's earliest known city-states, including Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Lagash, and Nippur. These city-states were independent political entities with their own governments, economies, and religious institutions. Rulers : Sumerian city-states were typically ruled by kings (lugals) who held both political and religious authority. Some famous rulers include Gilgamesh of Uruk and Ur-Nammu of Ur, known for their achievements and contributions to Sumerian culture. Region : The Sumerians inhabited the southern part of Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as the fertile crescent. This region provided fertile land for agriculture and trade r