The Digital Scholar

  The Sumerians were one of the earliest known civilizations in Mesopotamia, thriving from around 4500 BCE to 1900 BCE. Here are some key points about the Sumerians: Formed : The Sumerian civilization emerged around 4500 BCE in the southern region of Mesopotamia, located in present-day Iraq. City-States : Sumerians established some of the world's earliest known city-states, including Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Lagash, and Nippur. These city-states were independent political entities with their own governments, economies, and religious institutions. Rulers : Sumerian city-states were typically ruled by kings (lugals) who held both political and religious authority. Some famous rulers include Gilgamesh of Uruk and Ur-Nammu of Ur, known for their achievements and contributions to Sumerian culture. Region : The Sumerians inhabited the southern part of Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, known as the fertile crescent. This region provided fertile land for agriculture and trade r