The Digital Scholar

  PRACTICAL 19 To find the specific heat by the method of mixture using polystyrene cups (used as container of negligible heat capacity).   VIVA VOCE 1. What is the principle behind the method of mixtures for determining specific heat? Ans:  The principle is based on the law of conservation of energy, where the heat lost by the hot substance is equal to the heat gained by the cold substance, assuming no heat is lost to the surroundings. 2. Why are polystyrene cups used as containers in this experiment? Ans:  Polystyrene cups are used because they have negligible heat capacity and good thermal insulation properties, minimizing heat exchange with the surroundings. 3.  What is specific heat capacity? Ans:  Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. 4. Why is it important to ensure that the heat capacity of the container is negligible? Ans:  Ensuring the heat capacity of the container is negligible helps

  PRACTICAL 18 To find the density of a liquid using 5 ml syringe (instead of density bottle). VIVA VOCE Q1: What is the aim of the experiment? A1: The aim of the experiment is to find the density of a liquid using a 5 ml syringe instead of a density bottle. Q2: What is the basic principle used to determine the density of a liquid in this experiment? A2: The basic principle involves measuring the mass of a known volume of the liquid and then calculating its density using the formula \( \rho = \frac{m}{V} \), where \( \rho \) is density, \( m \) is mass, and \( V \) is volume. Q3: Describe the procedure of the experiment briefly. A3: The procedure involves the following steps: 1. Weigh an empty 5 ml syringe. 2. Fill the syringe with the liquid up to the 5 ml mark. 3. Weigh the syringe filled with the liquid. 4. Calculate the mass of the liquid by subtracting the mass of the empty syringe from the mass of the filled syringe. 5. Calculate the density using the mass and the known volume (5

PRACTICAL 17 To find the density of a body heavier than water by Archimedes principle. VIVA VOCE   Viva Questions and Answers for Finding Density Using Archimedes' Principle Q1: What is the aim of the experiment? A1: The aim of the experiment is to find the density of a body heavier than water using Archimedes' principle. Q2: What is Archimedes' principle? A2: Archimedes' principle states that when a body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, it experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. Q3: How do you determine the volume of the body using Archimedes' principle? A3: The volume of the body is determined by measuring the volume of water displaced when the body is submerged in water, which is equal to the volume of the body. Q4: Describe the procedure of the experiment briefly. A4:The procedure involves weighing the body in air, then submerging it in water and measuring the apparent loss in weight. The volume of t

PRACTICAL 16 To study the relationship between load and extension (Helical spring) by drawing a graph. VIVA VOCE   Q1: What is the aim of the experiment? A1:The aim of the experiment is to study the relationship between load and extension in a helical spring by drawing a graph. Q2: What is Hooke's Law? A2:Hooke's Law states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the load applied to it, provided the elastic limit is not exceeded. Q3: How do you calculate the spring constant (k)? A3:The spring constant (k) is calculated using the formula \( k = \frac{F}{x} \), where \( F \) is the load applied and \( x \) is the extension produced. Q4: What is the elastic limit? A4:The elastic limit is the maximum load that a spring can bear without undergoing permanent deformation. Q5: Describe the procedure of the experiment briefly. A5:The procedure involves hanging the helical spring vertically, adding known weights incrementally, measuring the corresponding extensions, an

  PRACTICAL 15 To prove that time period of a simple pendulum is independent of (i) mass of the pendulum (ii) amplitude of the vibration. VIVA VOCE 1.  What is the objective of the experiment?    Ans: The objective is to demonstrate that the time period of a simple pendulum remains constant irrespective of changes in its mass and amplitude. 2.  How is the time period of a pendulum defined?   Ans: The time period (T) of a pendulum is the time taken for one complete oscillation, i.e., the time it takes for the pendulum to return to its starting position. 3.  Explain how you varied the mass of the pendulum during the experiment.  Ans: We kept the length and amplitude of the pendulum constant while changing the mass by attaching different weights at the bottom of the pendulum bob. 4. What did you observe when you changed the mass of the pendulum? Ans: Despite changing the mass, we observed that the time period of the pendulum remained constant. 5.  Why does the time period remain constant

PRACTICAL 14 To study the effect of the length of simple pendulum on time and hence find the value of g by calculation VIVA VOCE 1. What is the objective of this experiment? Ans: The objective is to study the effect of the length of a simple pendulum on its time period and to calculate the acceleration due to gravity (g). 2. Describe the setup of this experiment. Ans: The setup typically involves suspending a small mass (pendulum bob) from a string of variable length and allowing it to oscillate freely. 3. How does the length of the pendulum affect its time period? Ans: The time period of a pendulum is directly proportional to the square root of its length. Longer pendulums have longer time periods, and vice versa. 4. What measurements are needed for this experiment? Ans: We need to measure the length of the pendulum and the time taken for a certain number of oscillations (usually a fixed number like 10 or 20). 5. How will you conduct the experiment to find the time period? Ans: We wil

Practical 13 To find the weight of an unknown object by using principle of moments. VIVA VOCE 1. What is the objective of this experiment?  Ans: The objective is to find the weight of an unknown object using the principle of moments. 2. Describe the setup of this experiment.  Ans: The setup typically involves a pivot point, a lever arm (such as a meter stick), and the unknown object suspended at a known distance from the pivot. 3. How does the principle of moments apply in this experiment? Ans: The principle of moments states that for an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point must be equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same point. This principle is used to find the weight of the unknown object. 4. What measurements are needed for this experiment? Ans: We need to measure the distance from the pivot point to the suspension point of the unknown object and any other weights used in the experiment. 5. How will you ensure the object

PRACTICAL 12  To find the weight of an unknown object by using vector addition of forces. VIVA VOCE 1.  What is the objective of this experiment?    Ans: The objective is to find the weight of an unknown object by using vector addition of forces. 2. Describe the setup of this experiment.   Ans: The setup involves suspending the unknown object from a support and attaching known weights to it. Strings are used to hang the weights, and their tensions are measured. 3.  How does vector addition of forces help in finding the weight of the unknown object?    Ans: By applying known weights to the unknown object and measuring the tensions in the strings, we can use vector addition to find the resultant force, which represents the weight of the object. 4. What principle governs the vector addition of forces in this experiment?    Ans: The principle of vector addition states that the resultant force of two or more forces acting on an object can be found by summing the individual forces as vectors

PRACTICAL 11 To find the tension in the strings by balancing a metre rod on the stands. VIVA VOCE 1. What is the purpose of this experiment?    Ans: The purpose is to find the tension in the strings by balancing a meter rod on the stands. 2. Describe the setup of this experiment.  Ans: The setup involves placing a meter rod horizontally on two stands. Strings are attached to each end of the rod, and weights are hung from the strings to create tension. 3.  Why is it necessary to balance the meter rod?    Ans: Balancing the meter rod ensures that the forces acting on it are in equilibrium, allowing us to accurately determine the tension in the strings. 4. How will you adjust the weights to achieve balance?   Ans: We will adjust the weights on either side of the meter rod until it remains level and stationary, indicating that the tensions in the strings are balanced. 5.  What factors affect the tension in the strings?    Ans: The tension in the strings is affected by the weights attached

PRACTICAL 10 To verify the principle of moments by using a metre rod balanced on a wedge. VIVA VOCE 1.  What is the objective of this experiment?    Ans: The objective is to verify the principle of moments by using a meter rod balanced on a wedge. 2. Explain the principle of moments.    Ans: The principle of moments states that for an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments about any point must be equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments about the same point. 3.  How will you set up the experiment?    Ans: Place the meter rod horizontally on a wedge and adjust the position of weights along the rod until it is balanced.  4. What equipment do you need for this experiment?    Ans: You will need a meter rod, a wedge, weights, and a balance. 5. Why is it important to ensure the meter rod is balanced?    Ans: Balancing the meter rod ensures that the principle of moments can be accurately demonstrated, showing that the clockwise and anticlockwise moments are equal.

   PRACTICAL 9 To determine the resultant of two forces graphically using a Horizontal force table. VIVA VOCE 1.  What is the objective of this practical experiment?   Ans: The objective is to determine the resultant of two forces graphically using a horizontal force table. 2. Describe the setup of a horizontal force table.  Ans: A horizontal force table consists of a circular platform with a center pin. Forces are applied to the platform using strings or ropes attached to pulleys at various angles. 3.  How do you represent forces graphically on a force table?  Ans: Forces are represented by vectors, where the direction of the vector corresponds to the direction of the force, and the magnitude of the vector represents the magnitude of the force. 4.  What is the principle behind determining the resultant of two forces graphically?   Ans: According to the parallelogram law of vector addition, the resultant of two forces is represented by the diagonal of the parallelogram formed by the ve

  PRACTICAL 8 To determine the value of 'g' by Atwood's Machine VIVA VOCE 1.  What is the purpose of conducting the Atwood's machine experiment?    Ans: The purpose is to determine the acceleration due to gravity (g) using the Atwood's machine setup. 2.  Describe the Atwood's machine setup.  Ans: The Atwood's machine consists of a pulley with a string passing over it. Two masses of different weights are suspended on either end of the string. 3. How does the Atwood's machine work?   Ans: When the masses are released, they experience a net force due to the difference in their weights. This causes an acceleration of the system. 4. What is the relationship between the masses and the acceleration in Atwood's machine?    Ans: According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of the system is directly proportional to the net force acting on it, which is the difference in weights of the masses. 5.  How will you measure the acceleration in the Atwood'

  PRACTICAL 7 Measure the force of limiting friction by rolling a roller on a horizontal plane VIVA VOCE 1.  What is the objective of this practical?    Ans: The objective is to measure the force of limiting friction by rolling a roller on a horizontal plane. 2. What equipment will you use for this experiment?    Ans: We will use a roller, a horizontal plane, weights, a spring balance, and a marker. 3.  How will you set up the experiment?    Ans: Place the roller on the horizontal plane and attach the spring balance to it. Add weights to the roller gradually until it starts to move. Mark the position where the roller begins to move. 4. What is limiting friction?    Ans: Limiting friction is the maximum force of friction that can be exerted between two surfaces before motion starts. 5.  How will you calculate the force of limiting friction?    Ans: The force of limiting friction will be equal to the weight applied to the roller when it just begins to move. 6.  Why is it important to mar

  PRACTICAL 6 Investigate the relationship between force of limiting friction and normal reaction to find the co-efficient of sliding friction between a wooden block and horizontal surface. VIVA VOCE 1. What is the objective of investigating the relationship between the force of limiting friction and the normal reaction?    - The objective is to determine the coefficient of sliding friction between a wooden block and a horizontal surface. 2. How do you set up the experiment to investigate this relationship?    - Place the wooden block on a horizontal surface and gradually increase the applied force until the block just starts to slide. Measure the normal reaction force and the applied force at this point. 3. What is the normal reaction force, and how is it related to the weight of the wooden block?    - The normal reaction force is the force exerted by the surface perpendicular to the contact surface. It is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the weight of the wooden block.

  PRACTICAL 5 To find the value of “g” by free fall method VIVA VOCE 1. What is the purpose of the free fall method in finding the value of "g"?    - The purpose is to experimentally determine the acceleration due to gravity, denoted by "g." 2. How do you set up the experiment for the free fall method?    - Drop a small object from a known height and measure the time it takes to fall using a stopwatch. 3. What precautions should be taken during the experiment to ensure accurate results?    - Ensure the experiment is conducted in a vacuum or an environment with minimal air resistance, use a precise stopwatch, and repeat the experiment multiple times to reduce errors. 4. How do you measure the height from which the object is dropped?    - Measure the height using a meter stick, ruler, or another measuring device with precision. 5. What is the equation used to calculate the acceleration due to gravity (g) using the free fall method?    - \( g = \frac{{2h}}{{t^2}} \),

  PRACTICAL 4 To find the acceleration of a ball rolling down an angle iron by drawing a graph between 2S and T2 VIVA VOCE 1. How do you set up the experiment to find the acceleration of a ball rolling down an angle iron? Ans: Place the angle iron on a smooth surface, ensuring it is securely fixed. Release the ball from the top of the angle iron and measure the time it takes to travel a known distance. 2. What is the purpose of drawing a graph between \( 2S \) and \( T^2 \)? Ans: The purpose is to determine the acceleration of the ball by analyzing the relationship between the square of the time taken (\( T^2 \)) and twice the distance traveled (\( 2S \)). 3. How do you measure the distance traveled by the ball (S)? Ans: Measure the horizontal distance covered by the ball from its starting point to its final position. 4. How do you measure the time taken by the ball (T)? Ans: Use a stopwatch or a similar device to measure the time it takes for the ball to travel the known distance alon

  PRACTICAL #3 To measure the thickness of a metal strip or a wire by using a screw gauge VIVA VOCE 1. How would you ensure the screw gauge is properly calibrated before beginning the measurements? Ans:  Calibrate the screw gauge by ensuring the zero mark aligns accurately with the reference point when no object is being measured. 2. What factors should be considered when selecting the appropriate screw gauge for measuring the thickness of a metal strip or wire? Ans: Choose a screw gauge with an appropriate range that can accommodate the thickness of the metal strip or wire. Consider the pitch and resolution of the screw gauge as well. 3. Can you describe the procedure for measuring the thickness of a metal strip or wire using a screw gauge? The procedure involves gently placing the metal strip or wire between the anvils of the screw gauge, carefully rotating the thimble until it makes light contact with the object, and then reading the measurement from the scale and thimble. 4. What p

  PRACTICAL 2: To measure the area of cross section by measuring diameter of a solid cylinder with Vernier Calipers. VIVA VOCE 1. How would you ensure that the solid cylinder is placed correctly between the jaws of the vernier calipers for accurate measurement? Ans: Ensuring the cylinder is perpendicular to the jaws and gently placing it between them ensures accurate placement. 2. What precautions should be taken to minimize errors while measuring the diameter of the cylinder with vernier calipers? Ans: Precautions include avoiding parallax error, ensuring proper alignment, and using a steady hand during measurement. 3. Can you explain how the vernier scale aids in obtaining more precise measurements compared to the main scale? Ans. The vernier scale provides finer divisions than the main scale, allowing for more precise readings. 4. Describe the procedure for reading the measurement of the diameter on the vernier calipers. Ans. To read the measurement, align the zero mark of the vern